Journal: Pakistan Journal of Geology (PJG)
Author: Chika Vincent Okorocha, Stephen Olushola Oladosu, Raphael Ehigiator -Irughe

This is an open access journal distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/pjg.01.2023.21.31

Well-log data from four wells located in Northern Depobelt in the Niger Delta were used for the interpretation of Thermal properties, burial history, and subsidence rate, using Petromod and Excel softwares. The geothermal gradients in wells -1, -2, -3 and -4 are 1.247oC/100m, 1.792oC/100m, 2.232oC/100m and 1.862oC/100m respectively, based on an average surface temperature of 27°C. The average geothermal gradient 1.767oC/100m for the field of study. Thermal conductivity values were highly variable with depth with values of 2.36Wm-1K-1, 2.27Wm-1K-1, 2.35Wm-1K-1, and 2.55Wm-1K-1for Wells 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. The heat flux obtained for the wells are accordingly 30.73mWm-2, 40.57mWm-2, 50.53mWm-2, and 42.19mWm-2. There was the general trend of the massive sandstones in the upper layers, characteristics of the Benin formation into an alternation of both sandstone and shales characteristic of the Agbada formation, followed by an increase in shale percentage down the series. The bottom of the Benin/top of Agbada boundaries for the four wells are about 1524.0m, 1066.8m, 1981.2m and 1371.6m for Wells 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. The burial gradient decreases with age. Rapid subsidence episode took place between the Middle Pliocene at 3.5Ma which lasted till the Early-Pleistocene creating accommodation for the deposition of sediments with an average thickness of 1066.57m.

Journal: Pakistan Journal of Geology (PJG)
Author: Chika Vincent Okorocha, Stephen Olushola Oladosu, Raphael Ehigiator -Irughe

This is an open access journal distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/pjg.01.2023.11.20

This research employs a regression model to verify the accuracy of the Sacredion Tersus GeoBee30 CORS in real-time kinematic mode. This verification process entails utilizing differential correction broadcasted through the internet protocol (NTRIP) to the GNSS rover. Given Nigeria’s current demand for additional CORS to enhance geospatial services, the primary objective of this study is to determine the strength of signal coverage, which is crucial for strategically locating appropriate or estimated location for the installation of new CORS. The methodology involves conducting an independent observation session at 5 minutes on 14 temporary points, away from the CORS base. The analysis, carried out using one-way ANOVA, establishes the fact that the RTK observations referenced to the CORS exhibit high precision. Furthermore, the development of a linear regression model yields a robust positive correlation, underscoring the dependable link between the investigated RMS error and the observed distances (RMSE = 0.988; R-square = 0.977; adjusted R-square = 0.976) within the distance range of 75 km target, extended to 120 km by prediction. The rms values of 0.0093 m were discovered in both cases while testing the efficacy of the prediction model on two known ground controls within the study area. In conclusion, this study unequivocally confirms the accuracy of the CORS, thereby endorsing its suitability for tasks involving mapping and geomatics activities, not only within the verified 70-km range but also beyond it. There exist a linear relationship between the distance coverage and the RMS error in relative positioning to the CORS at 95% confidence interval (α = 0.05 significant value). However, we do not have enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis outrightly.

Journal: Pakistan Journal of Geology (PJG)
Author: Oluwaseye P. Oyetade, Kehinde I. Adebayo, Ebenezer A. Kudamnya

This is an open access journal distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/pjg.02.2022.40.46

Clay is predominant in most subgrade soils of Nigeria and it has found wide application in engineering construction due to its relative abundance coupled with the ease of acquisition. Therefore, there is the need to ascertain the geotechnical behaviour of these clays especially the Gerinya clays within the Patti Formation, Southern Bida Basin, Nigeria for their construction and industrial suitability. The Gerinya clays samples were examined for their geotechnical properties such as; specific gravity, Atterberg’s limit, grain size analysis, shear strength and mineralogical analysis (X-ray diffraction (XRD)). The Gerinya clays liquid limit ranges from 46% to 56%, the plastic limit ranges from 16.95% to 29.10% and the plasticity index ranges from 20.20% to 35.40%. The specific gravity ranges from 2.55 to 2.70, while the angle of internal friction and cohesion ranges from 130 to 200 and 31 KPa to 48 KPa respectively. Kaolinite was identified as the clay mineral in the Gerinya clays ranging from 22.34 to 67.61 wt% and quartz is the dominant non-clay mineral in the Gerinya clays. The other non-clay minerals are muscovite, anatase and rutile. The Gerinya clays samples exhibit intermediate to high compressibility and medium to high plasticity. The shear strength reveals that the Gerinya clays has a low bearing capacity. The Gerinya clays are not suitable for construction since they will cause problems when employed as sub-base or sub-grade materials. However, the clays can be employed as raw materials for bricks manufacturing and landfill liners in a waste disposal facility.